Zener diode is a pn junction diode specially designed to operate in the reverse biased mode. Simulator procedure as performed through the online labs select the characteristics of diode from the drop down list. You may use either of three methods to measure the vi characteristics. Pdf this paper describes an experiment that studies the effect of diode temperature and. To find zener break down voltage in reverse biased condition. Diode characteristics diode and diode circuits diodes and. Because diodes of the same type can have significantly different characteristics, use the same diode for all experiments in this lab. If a diode is fully conducting, it can usually be assumed that the voltage across it is the forward voltage rating. The vi characteristics of zener diode has been studied and graph is plotted. The graph showing the forward bias voltage and forward current is known as the forward characteristics, and that showing the reverse bias voltage and reverse current is known as the reverse characteristics. Pdf impact of oxygen related extended defects on silicon. The vi characteristics of a diode can be forward or reverse.
To study the forward and reverse bias characteristics of diode and zener diode. Characteristics of a diode 1 objects of the experiment studying the characteristics of a diode. This site is like a library, you could find million book here by using search box in the header. A specific diodes vf depends on what semiconductor material its made out of. Jan 02, 2019 we are going to learn about an experiment to find out the zener breakdown voltage and draw the characteristics of zener diode. To study and draw the characteristics of rectifier filter circuit. The prelab and postlab report format is as follows. The diode is firmed by doping a semiconductor like silicon or germanium with. It arises from the fact that the forward characteristics of real pn. However, everyone will get a chance to to use the parameter analyzer to measure currentvoltage characteristics of a couple of diodes. Recording the currentvoltage characteristics of diodes. Diode characteristics diode and diode circuits diodes.
Practical report on diode characteristics pdf scoop. The analysis is very similar to that of a metalsemiconductor junction. You can determine the influence of light intensity on the power of the solar module. The objectives of this experiment are to learn methods for characterizing 2 terminal devices. Measurements of temperature and voltage will be done using a thermocouple and an ad converter respectively. Each diode was investigated by plotting the iv curve using a precision sourcemeasurement unit b2902a and a laptop with the corresponding quick iv measurement software installed. Diode iv characteristics the forward and reverse current voltage iv characteristics of a diode are generally compared on a single characteristic curve. The forward characteristics of a diode is non linear. To get familiar with working knowledge of the following. Fig 8 vary the voltage v on the power supply between 030v. The first approach implies a maximum current, imax, for the diode in the forward direction.
For the analysis of the accumulated data we shall use a spreadsheet program libreoffice calc. Diode iv characteristics contents that should be delivered for every report. Zener breakdown voltage should be approximately close to the desired voltage. To study and verify the functionality of a pn junction diode in forward bias b pointcontact diode in reverse. The the temperature dependence o f the threshold current i th was investigat ed and l i characteristic. The current i may be deduced using r v i r, converting the recorded voltage v r in the yinput into current scale. Conduct the experiment for obtaining the forward bias vi characteristics of the given diode. The real diode we will use is a 1n4004 400 v piv, i max 1 a and the white line at one end indicates the direction in which positive forward current flows. The semiconductor diode is usually created by attaching a ndoped semiconductor to a pdoped semiconductor forming a pnjunction. To get familiar with working knowledge of the following instruments. Click on open existing file and navigate to the ee. Experiment 3 recording the current voltage characteristics. Because of the thinness of the junction, the electrons can pass through the potential barrier of the dam layer at a suitable polarization, reaching the energy states on the. The reverse current in a photodiode depends on the intensity of light falling on it or exposure of light.
They are called active devices since transistors are capable of amplifying or making larger signals. The diode will be easier to understand if we compare the diode to another two terminal device we know and love the resistor. You diodes will use the bit bucket breadboarding system to build and test several dc and ac diode circuits. Diodes are mostly used in practice for emitting light as light emitting diodes, leds or controlling voltages in various circuits. The electrostatic analysis of a pn diode is of interest since it provides knowledge about the charge density and the electric field in the depletion region. Definition ptype semiconductor is suitably joined to ntype semiconductor,to conduct surface is called pn junction. This was a bad thing before the whole avalanche breakdown, large current. Pn junction diode characteristics aim pdf book manual. It is also required to obtain the capacitancevoltage characteristics of the diode. While doing the experiment do not exceed the ratings of the diode.
The first known report of a lightemitting solidstate diode was made in 1907 by. Jul 27, 2018 1 compare the the purpose of this lab is to study the characteristics of the diode. Theory the japanese physicist leo esaki invented the tunnel diode in 1958. Help labs this lab is another that you can do in your dorm room, if you like. Carry out the recording for both forward and reversed bias characteristics.
The transistor characteristics are useful in amplifier design as well as understanding how transistors operate. For correct voltage regulation, we need to find out precisely what voltage should be across the zener diode. Reverse dc power supply polarity for reverse bias repeat the above procedure for the different values of supply voltage for reverse bias draw vi characteristics for forward bias and reverse bias in one graph. Impact of oxygen related extended defects on silicon diode characteristics article pdf available in journal of applied physics 7711. P s1 characteristic curve dark and light iv of the solar. To study and verify the functionality of a pn junction diode in forward bias b pointcontact diode in reverse lab report 1. The properties of a pn junction are very dependable. Under a forward bias condition, this should be about.
A zener diode is constructed for operation in the reverse breakdown re gion. The experiments in this laboratory exercise will provide an introduction to. To do this, record two further characteristic curves, changing the distance between the lamp and the solar module e. Electrostatic analysis of a pn diode pnjuntion diode. It is acting as normal diode while forward biasing. When the positive polarity is at the anode the diode is forward biased and is conducting. Electronics and circuit analysis using matlab john okyere attia p. The first thing we want to do is look at diode characteristics. The properties of transistors will be studied in this module so basically the focus here is understanding how transistors work. Pn junction diode and its characteristics in chapter 1 understanding the pn junction, we have seen how a pn junction is formed from a ptype and ntype semiconductor. In this experiment an npn transistor will be used to observe some characteristics of a diode. In forward bias condition, current is constant until certain voltage is reached. The lead connected to the ptype material is called the anode and the lead connected to the ntype material is the cathode.
A semiconductor diode is prepared by joining p and n sections of a semi conducting material like germanium or silicon. Experimently find out whether the given diode is made of germanium or silicon. If you need to use your diode on another day, mark it with a piece of tape with your name and leave it in the storage cubbies in the back of the lab. Zero bias no external voltage potential is applied to the pn junction diode. Read online pn junction diode characteristics aim book pdf free download link book now. The application of this diode is in its reverse biased condition. Most of the measurements will be done with our usual lab equipment.
It has a particular voltage known as break down voltage, at which the diode break downs while reverse biased. Determining the value of the reversebias saturation current determining the value of the emission coefficient 2 principles the diode is a device formed from a junction of ntype and ptype semiconductor. This paper shows the vi characteristics of diode through pc that records the. Diodes and rectification component list resistors, one of each. Use suitable input scales and calibrate the scale on the recording sheet. But simulation doesnt necessarily give the true effect of any experiment as. We are interested in the solid state pn junction diode which has the following type of characteristics. Analyze the diodes characteristics using pspice, run the examples in the pspice folder. A theoretical model of the diode characteristic curve is given by the equation. Pdf v i characteristics of diode through computer researchgate. Recipe for solving diode circuits state of diode is unknown before solving the circuit 1. In the case of normal diodes the diode damages at the break down voltage. To explain the theory and the underlying principle behind the functioning of an led brief history. The following is a list, by letter symbol, of the major electrical characteristics for the rectifier and signal diodes.
All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it. The figure depicted under the section forward characteristic shows that forward voltage and reverse voltage are usually plotted on the horizontal line of the graph. It consists of a pn junction with highly doped regions. Diodes and diode circuits tlt8016 basic analog circuits 20052006 2 3. In this experiment, we try to observe the relation between the voltage and corressponding current generated. In this experiment an npntransistor will be used to observe some characteristics of a diode. The data below were collected for the example of a npn 2n36443 transistor using the circuit below. Jan, 2015 pn junction diode characteristics lab expriment 1. Experiment 1 vi characteristics of diode vi characteristics of diode aim. Replace the procedure in experiment 3 with the following procedure 1 measure the voltage and current through a signal diode use a 1n4148 from your graymark kit these are also available in the instrument room. Use the diode equation for that state to solve the circuit equations and find i d and v d 3. The voltage across the diode is recorded as the xinput as v. A diode is simply a pn junction, but its applications are extensive in electronic circuits.
If we attempt to pass current through the diode in the opposite direction by switching the voltage leads, almost no current will ow and we say that the diode is reverse biased. Description and objective in this experiment, you will study the currentvoltage characteristics of diodes, build rectifier circuits and study small signal dynamic resistance of a diode. Measure voltage across diode and current through diode. To calculate static and dynamic resistances of the zener diode in both forward and reverse biased conditions before, after break down voltages. A semiconductor diode is prepared by joining p and n sections of a semi conducting. A multimeter with a diode setting can be used to measure the minimum of a diodes forward voltage drop. The experiment was conducted to explore the characteristics of a diode laser.
At a distance of 20 cm the solar module must only be illuminated for the duration of the experiment. Write down all circuit equations and simplify as much as possible 2. The diode is a device formed from a junction of ntype and ptype semiconductor material. Plot a graph with reverse voltage along x axis and reverse current along y axis.
We have also learned about diffusion current, depletion region. Zener breakdown voltage should be approximately close to the desired voltage we want. Some of the voltage and current division lab report. To verify the vi characteristics of pn junction diode and zener diode. We are going to learn about an experiment to find out the zener breakdown voltage and draw the characteristics of zener diode. Manufacturers specify these various diode operating parameters and characteristics with letter symbols in accordance with fixed definitions. The graph shows the reverse vi characteristics of the given pn junction diode. To study and verify the functionality of a pn junction diode in forward bias. Diode characteristics 2012 summary this experiment was set up to investigate the different properties and characteristics of several different types of diode. How do you construct a laboratory experiment that will allow you to make this. Characteristics lab introduction transistors are the active component in various devices like amplifiers and oscillators. Pdf an experiment to profile the voltage, current and temperature.